Jumat, 25 November 2011

Avatar (2009 film)


Avatar
On the upper half of the poster are the faces of a man and a female blue alien with yellow eyes, with a giant planet and a moon in the background and the text at the top: "From the director of Terminator 2 and Titanic". Below is a dragon-like animal flying across a landscape with floating mountains at sunset; helicopter-like aircraft are seen in the distant background. The title "James Cameron's Avatar", film credits and the release date appear at the bottom.
Theatrical release poster
Directed by James Cameron
Produced by
Written by James Cameron
Starring
Music by James Horner
Cinematography Mauro Fiore
Editing by
Studio
Distributed by 20th Century Fox
Release date(s) December 10, 2009 (2009-12-10) (London premiere)
December 18, 2009 (2009-12-18) (United States)
Running time 162 minutes[1]
171 minutes (re-release)[2]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $237 million[3]
$9 million+ (Re-release)[2]
Box office $2,782,275,172[4][5]
Avatar is a 2009 American[6][7] epic science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron, and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, Joel David Moore, Giovanni Ribisi and Sigourney Weaver. The film is set in the mid-22nd century, when humans are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system.[8][9][10] The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi—a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to the genetically engineered Na'vi-human hybrid bodies used by a team of researchers to interact with the natives of Pandora.[11]
Development on Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page scriptment for the film.[12] Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron's 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999,[13] but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film.[14] Work on the language for the film's extraterrestrial beings began in Summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006.[15][16] Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million.[3] Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion.[17][18][19] The film was released for traditional viewing, 3-D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and "4-D" viewing.[20] The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology.[21]
Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was internationally released on December 16 and in the United States and Canada on December 18, to critical acclaim[22][23] and commercial success.[24][25][26] The film broke several box office records during its release and became the highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. and Canada[27] and also worldwide, surpassing Titanic, which had held the records for the previous twelve years.[28] It also became the first film to gross more than $2 billion.[29] Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director,[30] and won three, for Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, and Best Art Direction. The film's home release went on to break opening sales records and became the top-selling Blu-ray of all time. Following the film's success, Cameron signed with 20th Century Fox to produce two sequels,
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